Interlocking shingle



Feb- 9, 1954 P. c. NEWFIELD, sR

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE 4 Sheets-Sheet;

Filed Deo. 8, 1949 INVENTOR. Paz/l INM/Mld, ,52'

A Marzpqys Feb. 9, 1954 P. c. NEWFIELD, SR 2,668,508

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Deo. 8, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb- 9, 1954 P. c. NEWFIYELD, SR 2,668,508

INTERLOCKING SH-INGLE FiledT Deo. 8, 1949 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 I N VEN TOR.

Feb. 9, 1954 P. c. NEWFIELD, SR

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed DeC. 8, 1949 INVENTOR. Pala] I 6i M10/eZd,J1

BY %adm, MM5( Patented Feb. 9, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,668,508 rN'rERLooKING SHINGLE Paul C. Newiield, Sr., New Orleans, La. Application December 8, 1949, Serial No. 131,876

Claims. l

This invention relates to shingles and to shingle roofs.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved shingle of substantially rigid sheet material which, while secured to the sheathing by nails, will require less overlap and permit the nails securing each shingle to pass directly into the sheathing without passing through any underlying shingles.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved shingle formed with an integral marginal lug adapted to engage a marginal portion of an overlapping shingle, materiallydncreasing the rigidity and security of the roof.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved roof formed with a plurality of spaced groups or constellations of specially,Y arranged shingles adjacent a master shingle, which permits the secure positioning of the master shingle without the use of nails passing therethrough and which permits the removal ofthe master shingle and the surrounding shingles in the case of accidental damage to the roof, and without the necessity of removing all of the shingles from the peak downward to the place of damage. Other objects Will more particularly appear in the course of the following detailed description. The invention consists in the novel construction, arrangement and combinations' of parts hereinafter more claimed.

Four sheets of drawings accompany this specification as part thereof, in which like reference characters indicate like parts throughout.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view illustrating the present invention embodied in a Dutchlap type of shingle;

Figure 2 is a cross section taken on line 2--2 of Figure 1; n

Figure 3 illustrates in plan a master shingle and its cooperating shingles constituting an emergency constellation tions of a roof; y

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the constellation of shingles comprising the master shingle and its cooperating key shingles in the process of removing the master shingle;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view of a roof formed of diamond type shingles embodying the present invention and including a constellation of removable shingles;

Figure 6 is a vertical cross section line 6-6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 illustrates in plan a master shingle,

taken on particularly described y vand for the removal of por-V the surrounding keyl shingles and a regular shingle;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of roof formed of an overlapping type shingle embodying the present invention and including a constellation of master shingle and key shingles, permitting the removal of a section of the roof;

Figure 9 is a plan view illustrating the master shingle and adjoining key shingles utilized in this type of roof, also right hand and left hand regular shingles;

Figure 10 is a side elevation of a regular shingle illustrating the upstanding locking lug;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary perspective of a portion of a roof broken away to illustrate the construction at the ridge and on the sides and bottom edge of the roof;

Figure 12 is a side elevation of an improved ridge shingle; and

Figure 13 is a transverse section taken on linev I3-I3 of Figure 11.

The present invention is directed both to an improvedshingle and to an improved roof comprising a-Dlurality of such improved shingles, and is illustrated as lapplied to three popular standard types of shingles, although it will be understood that the invention can be readily adapted to many other types of shingles as may be desired and will be understood by those skilled in the art.

The improved shingle is adapted to be constructed from sheet aluminum orother non-corrosive metal, or if desired, from suitable plastics, and is characterized by having a marginal portion upturned in a plane perpendicular to the principal plane of the shingle to constitute a locking lug 3, the body of the shingle l. being shaped according to the type of shingle desired and the lugV 3 having a slot 5 extending parallel with the plane of the body of the shingle spaced above the upper surface of the shingle and of a-Width slightly wider than the thickness of` a shingle so that the -bottom edge of an overlapping shingle can be passed into the slot 5, as is well illustrated in Figures 4 and 6. The vupper edge of the locking lug 3 is rounded convexly from the point of the hook to constitute a cam surface 26.

With the exception of the master shingles and key shingles associated therewith'to form the spaced constellations of shingles for removal purposes, the regular shingles are further provided with preformed orifices 2 to receive nails, these orii'lces being positioned one adjacent eachof the locking lugsand otherwise in the margin of the shingle so spaced from the marginal edges that nails passing therethrough will clear any underlying shingles so that each shingle is secured to the roof by the locking lug o another shingle and also by three nails passing through the shingle directly into the sheathing.

By preference, the entire roof will be covered with a layer of metal foil 23, either in the form of sheetsor rolls', krnteliminary to laying the shingles thereon, and as is customary the initial layer of shingles at the bottom edge of the roof will be formed of perfectly plane shingles laid edge to edgeA and having their forward edges bent downwardly and nailed to the edge of the sheathing as at 24', as is illustrated in Figure 6, in which-such anunderlying plane shingle is shown at 22; seealsovFigure 1l. The first layer of regular shingles l have their lower edge similarly bent over, as at '2N-,and` the overlapped edges are Asecured to the edge of the` sheathing as by nails 2 il. n

The ridge shingles are of similar construction regardless of the type of shingles used throughout thereof, and are illustrated in Figures l1 through 13, each of the ridge shingles Yl being medially bent to saddle form, as at H, to provide an overlap on each side of the ridge, and each side of the ridge shingle l5 is provided at one end with a locking lug 3 and on its bottom edge with an angularly disposed slot t6- into` which the locking lug of an underlying ridge shingle can engage, so that the ridge shingles will lie in true alignment, as illustrated in Figure 1l. Preferably, the overlapping portions of the ridge shingles will 4be provided with mastic cement as indicated at M, to assure .a tight joint, and each oi these ridge shingles is provided with a preformed nail hole 2, by means oi which it can be attached by a nail to the roof sheathing. The ridge shingles on each end of the roof are suitably cut and have their end marginal portions bent over, as at I8, to engage the edge of the roof-sheathing.

As thus far described, the roofv shingles are substantially uniform for all types of roofs, but the form and arrangement of the spaced constellations of shingles by means vof which the roof can beopened up as desired at various points without injury to the shingles, vary slightly 4according to the type or `style of shingle desired.

Thus, in the Dutch-lap type of shingle lillustrated in Figuresv 1 through 3.,`the master shingle A is formed with twospaced holes 4 which do not receive any nails, but are for the purpose of identifying this master shingle in the finished roof and also to facilitate its manipulationin the removal of the Vsection of the roof. The master shingle A in addition to the two identifying holes 4, hasits two upper corners rounded as at 1, as do the cooperating key shingles B and C. The cooperating key shingles B and C are provided with `right hand 'and left hand locking lugs 3, andvthese cooperating key shingles B and C are laid in the tier immediately below the master shingle A, as is illustrated in Figures 1 and 4, so that the right and left hand locking lugs 3 of the key shingles B and C adjoin and overlap the bottom edge of the master shingle A between the identifying holes 4 4, thus securing the master shingle A in position without the use of nails or other securing devices.

To remove the master shingle A from the iinished roof it will be observed as illustrated in Figure 4, that with the use of two nails or similar small punch tools P, the master shingle A can be pushed upwardly .under the overlying tier of shingles until its lower edge clears the locking lugs 3 3 on the key shingles B and C, after which the lower edge of the master shingle A can be lifted and the shingle withdrawn downwardly over the cam surfaces 2S of said lugs 3 3, thus exposing the single nail holes 2 provided in each of the key shingles B and C' and permitting the withdrawal of the securing nails from said key shingles and the withdrawal of said shingles. The withdrawal of the key shingles B and 'C permits the drawing of the nails from the underlying regular shingles and from there on the removal otregular-shingles will automatically expose the nails securing adjacent shingles as each is removed.

In connection with the diamond type of shingle illustrated in Figures 5 to 7, the regular shingies. illustrated at the extreme right hand of Figure 7 are each provided with marginal locking lugs 3 in horizontal alignment andthe three nail holes 2 are provided one adjacent each locking, lug and slightly above the same, and one at the upper apex of the shingle.

In this type of shingle the removable constellation comprises a master shingle A' and two key shingles B' and C. Each iof these shingles has. its upper apex` rounded as at 1. The master shingle A is otherwise plain except forthe iden;- tifying orifices Il positioned adjacent the lower corner of the shingle. The keyshinglesB' and C" are each formed with one marginal locking lug 3, the shingle B having its locking lugpositioned on the right hand corner, while the key shingle C' has its locking lug 3 positioned on the left hand side, and each of these key'shingles Bi, C' has one preformed nail hole 2 above and'adjacent its locking lug 3. The constellation is arranged in the roof., as illustrated in Figure 5,l

with the master shingle A' uppermost and the key shingles B and C positioned immediately beneath the master shingle.

To remove the constellation shingles and .thus open up the roof at this point, the master shingle A' is pushed upwardly until its lower corner clears the adjacent locking lugs 3 3 of the key shingles B', C', after which this lower corner can be raised and the master shingle A removed by sliding same downwardly over the cam -surfaces 2E of locking lugs 3, as indicated 'by 'the arrow inFigure 6. The removal of the master shingle A' exposes the securing nails in the key shingles B', C', thereby permitting their vremoval in a similar manner and the exposure of the securing nails in surrounding shingles.

In connection with the overlapping type 'of shingle, illustrated in Figures 8 to l0, the regular shingles may be formed either as right hand shingles or left hand shingles, as desired, and ordinarily the roof will be laid with right handjor left hand regular shingles, depending upon the prevailing winds in the particular locality.

The removable constellations of shingles comprise a master shingle A" and' adjacent vkey shingles B", C" and D".

As in other cases, the upper corners of all the constellation shingles are rounded as at '1, and both the master shingle A" and the key shingles are provided each with one locking lug 3 in the lower left hand corner. TheV master shingle is, as in other cases, provided only with identifying holes 4, while the key shingles B' and C are each provided with one nail hole 2, and key shingle D" is provided with two nail holes 2.

The master shingle A" is furtherprovided'with marginal -detents8,.3 and Ill-so positionedas -to clear adjacent shingles in connection with the manipulation of the master shingle in its removal, and key shingle C'" is similarly provided with marginal detents Il and l2 for the same purpose.

With the master shingle and key shingles constructed as illustrated and arranged as shown in Figure 8, the removal of the constellation shingles follows steps indicated in that figure, as follows:

The master shingle A" with the assistance of a punch or similar tool P positioned in one of the identifying holes 4, is swung to the right, as indicated by the initial direction of arrow a, thus clearing detent 8 from the nail which may be positioned in that detent for additional security and until the lower right hand cornerl clears lug 3 on key shingle B". Thereafter, the master shingle A" is turned to the right, permitted by detent I clearing corner of shingle above and pushed upwardly, as indicated by the arrow b, until the detent 9 engages the nail in the adjacent corner of the shingle immediately above the master shingle. At this point the master shingle will have cleared the locking lug 3 of key shingle B, and its locking lug will be free of the shingle to the left of the master shingle so that the master shingle can be then drawn downwardly, as indicated by arrow c, and removed over the cam surface 26 of locking lug 3 of key shingle B". With the master shingle removed, key shingle B can be removed by removing its exposed single nail, after which it can be swung to the left and drawn downwardly. After removing the single nail from the key shingle C", this key shingle can be pushed upwardly to clear the locking lug of key shingle D and then pulled out of place, thus exposing the securing nails of key shingle D and permitting its removal in a similar manner.

In connection with all of the constellations, it is desirable that these be spaced at regular intervals throughout the roof, and preferably they will be spaced four tiers of shingles apart both upwardly and laterally, thus providing two such constellations to each square or 100 square feet of roof surface.

As previously indicated, the exact shape and marginal conformation of the constellation shingles will vary for diierent types of shingles.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. Interlocking shingle of sheet material having an upfolded marginal lug perpendicular to the plane of the face of said shingle, the fold line of said lug coinciding with the peripheral edge of said shingle, said lug having an open ended slot the lower side of which lies in a plane parallel to the face of said shingle and being of a width to snugly receive the overlapping marginal portion of an adjacent shingle, the portion of said lug above said slot being tapered downward toward the open end of said slot.

2. An interlocked pitched shingle assembly comprising in combination a plurality of shingles including a master shingle, disposed in triangular formation, each except said master shingle having a lug folded upwardly from one side edge thereof having an upwardly extending open ended slot, the shingles forming the base of said formation being disposed in side by side relationship, those forming the sides of said formation being in stepped overlapping relationship so that the bottom edge of each shingle will be interlocked within the slot of the lug of a lower adjacent shingle, said shingles having nail holes beneath the overlapping portions of contiguous shingles, and a master shingle disposed at the apex of said formation, said master shingle being lugless and being secured solely by the lug of an adjacent shingle, said master shingle normally overlying a nail hole in an adjacent shingle and being slidable contra to its gravitational bias out of engagement with the lug with which it is normally interlocked whereby it may be removed to expose the nail hole which it normally overlies.

3. Pitched shingle roof comprising a plurality of rows of shingles successively overlapping in ascending order with respect to the lowermost row, said shingles being of sheet material, each having an upfolded marginal lug perpendicular to the plane of the face of the shingle, the fold line of said lug coinciding with the adjacent peripheral edge of said shingle, said lug having an open ended slot with the open end directed upwardly, the lower side of said slot being in the plane of the face of said shingle and snugly embracing the overlapping portion of an adjacent shingle, said plurality of shingles including a master shingle, each of said shingles except said master shingle having a preformed nail hole out of registry with any part of underlying shingles, said master shingle normally overlying the nail hole in an adjacent shingle, being solely held by the securing lug of an adjacent shingle, and being freely slidable contra to its gravitational bias out of engagement with the lug which normally secures it whereby it may be removed to expose said nail hole.

4. Pitched shingle roof comprising a plurality of rows of shingles successively overlapping in ascending order with respect to the lowermost row, said shingles being of sheet material, each having an upfolded marginal lug perpendicular to the face of the shingle, the fold line of said lug coinciding with the adjacent peripheral edge of said shingle, said lug having an open ended slot with the open end directed upwardly, the portion of said lug above said slot being convexly rounded from the open end of said slot, the lower side of said slot being in the plane of the face of said shingle, said slots each snugly embracing the overlapping portion of an adjacent shingle, said plurality of shingles including a master shingle, each of said shingles except said master shingle having a preformed nail hole out of registry with any part of underlying shingles, said master shingle normally overlying the nail hole in an adjacent shingle, being solely held by the securing lug of an adjacent shingle,

and being freely slidable contra to its gravitational bias out of engagement with the lug that normally secures it, whereby it may be slidably removed by camming it over the rounded edge of said securing lug after its disengagement therefrom.

5. Pitched shingle roof as claimed in claim 3, said master shingle having a tool engaging depression in its exposed surface to facilitate its displacement.

PAUL C. NEWFIELD, SR.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,659,903 Wolf Feb. 21, 1928 2,133,363 Talmage Oct. 18, 19'38 2,135,811 Goslin Nov. 8, 1938 2,601,833 Olsen July 1, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 360,856 Great Britain Nov. 11, 1931 

